rac1 inhibitor  (Tocris)

Journal: EMBO Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Pyrin inflammasome-driven erosive arthritis caused by unprenylated RHO GTPase signaling

doi: 10.1038/s44321-025-00298-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A , B ) Immunoblots showing levels of total RAC1 and RAC1-GTP ( A ), and total RHOA and RHOA-GTP ( B ) in LPS-stimulated BMDMs isolated from Pggt1b +/+ and Pggt1b Δ/Δ mice either treated or not with EHT1864 for 8 h. ( C ) Immunoblots showing levels of total RHOA and RHOA-GTP in lysates of Pggt1b +/+ and Pggt1b Δ/Δ BMDMs after treatment with LPS for 3 h. Actin was used as a loading control.

Article Snippet: Macrophages (10 6 /well) were plated in 24-well plates for ELISA experiments, and supernatants were isolated after treatment with or without LPS (20 ng/ml) for 8 h. For inhibitor experiments, macrophages were pre-treated for 30 min with RAC1 inhibitor (EHT1864, Tocris), RHOA inhibitor-CCG1423 (5233, Tocris), p38 Inhibitor (SB203580, Invivogen), or Colchicine (C3915, Sigma) followed by stimulation with LPS for 6 to 8 h. For IL-1β signaling inhibition experiments, macrophages were pretreated with recombinant Mouse IL-1RA (769704, BioLegend) for 3 h prior to stimulation with LPS.

Techniques: Western Blot, Isolation, Control

Journal: EMBO Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Pyrin inflammasome-driven erosive arthritis caused by unprenylated RHO GTPase signaling

doi: 10.1038/s44321-025-00298-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A , B ) Immunoblots showing levels of total RAC1 and RAC1-GTP ( A ), and total RHOA and RHOA-GTP ( B ) in LPS-stimulated BMDMs isolated from Pggt1b +/+ and Pggt1b Δ/Δ mice either treated or not with EHT1864 for 8 h. ( C ) Immunoblots showing levels of total RHOA and RHOA-GTP in lysates of Pggt1b +/+ and Pggt1b Δ/Δ BMDMs after treatment with LPS for 3 h. Actin was used as a loading control.

Article Snippet: RAC1 inhibitor-EHT1864 , Tocris , 3872.

Techniques: Western Blot, Isolation, Control

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Plasma exosomes in insulin resistant obesity exacerbate progression of triple negative breast cancer

doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-14447-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Rac1 role in E0771 cells treated with plasma-derived exosomes. E0771 cells were cultured for 3 days with plasma-derived exosomes of either HFD or LFD fed mice, after these 3 days, cells were treated with an increasing concentration of the Rac1 inhibitor, EHT1864. Concentrations ranged 5–50 µM, leaving one group as a control without Rac1 inhibitor. A Area of the wound represented as a percentage of the total area in time = 0. The area of the wound left after 24 h of the scratch is lower for the cells that were treated with plasma-derived HFD exosomes, indicating and increase in the closure of the wound. Data were analyzed by 2-way Anova with a Šidák’s post-hoc analysis for multiple comparison testing with statistical significance presented as: * p < 0.05; **** p < 0.0001. All data are shown as mean ± SD. B Dose–response curve for different EHT1864 concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50 µM). The area under the curve between both groups shows a statistical difference between the level of response to EHT1864 inhibitor. Data were analyzed by unpaired, two-tailed t-test, with statistical significance presented as: **** p < 0.0001. All data are shown as mean ± SD. C Representative images of the wound-closure assay at 0 h and 24 h after the scratch. These images show the differential closure between HFD and LFD at high concentrations of EHT 1864. N = 3

Article Snippet: The cells were then incubated overnight with increasing concentrations of the Rac1 inhibitor EHT 1864 (Cat. No. 387210R, Tocris®).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Derivative Assay, Cell Culture, Concentration Assay, Control, Comparison, Two Tailed Test, Wound Closure Assay

Journal: Journal of Leukocyte Biology

Article Title: Nexinhib20 inhibits JFC1-mediated mobilization of a subset of CD11b/CD18 + vesicles decreasing integrin avidity, but does not inhibit Rac1

doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiaf012

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nexinhib20 inhibits CD11b/CD18 mobilization and exocytosis but only mildly affects integrin activation. A) Schematic representation of the analysis of granule mobilization and integrin activation. B) Mobilization of the adhesion molecule CD11b from intracellular stores to the plasma membrane in human neutrophils. CD11b was detected using anti-CD11b clone M1/70 (conformation unspecific). Where indicated, neutrophils were primed with GM-CSF and stimulated with fMLF in the presence of Nexinhib20 (10 µM), the Rac1 activator ML099 (10 µM), the Rac1 inhibitor EHT1864 (10 µM) or vehicle (DMSO). C and D) Effect of Nexinhib20 or Rac1 modulators on integrin activation in human neutrophils. Neutrophils were treated with inhibitors or vehicle and stimulated as in B) and integrins were detected using either the anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody, clone m24 C), or the anti-CD11b antibody clone CBRM1/5 D), which detects their respective active conformations, by flow cytometry. B to D), Neutrophils from healthy donors were treated with GM-CSF (10 ng/ml for 30 min) and fMLF (1 µM for 10 min) or vehicle (unstimulated), in 3 independent experiments. E to G) Mobilization of CD11b E) and integrin activation F and G) in response to IL-8. H) Mobilization of CD11b from intracellular stores to the plasma membrane in Jfc1 -KO neutrophils. I and J) Effects of Nexinhib20 on CD11b mobilization I) and azurophilic granule secretion (CD63) J) in murine neutrophils. B to G) Mean ± SEM, n = 6 to 9 independent donors. Relative MFI represents MFI in human or mouse samples related to the nonstimulated DMSO control or nonstimulated WT control. B to J) One-way ANOVA or Wilcoxon signed rank test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: The Rac1 inhibitor EHT1864 was purchased from MedChemExpress (cat# HY-16659).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Membrane, Flow Cytometry, Control

Journal: Journal of Leukocyte Biology

Article Title: Nexinhib20 inhibits JFC1-mediated mobilization of a subset of CD11b/CD18 + vesicles decreasing integrin avidity, but does not inhibit Rac1

doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiaf012

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nexinhib20 inhibits JFC1 recruitment to CD11b + vesicles in human neutrophils. A) 3D enhanced resolution microscopy analysis of endogenous JFC1, CD11b, and Rac1-GTP in human neutrophils. Where indicated, the cells were treated with Nexinhib20 (10 µM) or vehicle (DMSO) and subsequently primed with GM-CSF (10 ng/ml for 30 min) followed by stimulation with formylated peptide fMLF (1 µM for 10 min). Scale bar = 3 µm. B and C) Super-plot analyses of the colocalization of JFC1 B) or Rac1 C) with CD11b. Large dots represent the average value from each independent donor ( n = 5 to 6), and individual cells are represented as small circles, color-coded for each donor. B) Analysis of the colocalization of JFC1 at CD11b + intracellular organelles. NEI20, Nexinhib20. C) Analysis of the localization of Rac1 at CD11b + vesicles under the experimental conditions described in A and B). D) Quantitative analysis of Rac1-GTP expression by fluorescence intensity, showing that the endogenous levels of Rac1-GTP do not change upon Nexinhib20 treatment. Large dots represent the average value from each independent donor, and individual cells are represented as small circles. Mean ± SEM; ns, not significant. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01 by 1-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: The Rac1 inhibitor EHT1864 was purchased from MedChemExpress (cat# HY-16659).

Techniques: Microscopy, Expressing, Fluorescence, Comparison

Journal: Journal of Leukocyte Biology

Article Title: Nexinhib20 inhibits JFC1-mediated mobilization of a subset of CD11b/CD18 + vesicles decreasing integrin avidity, but does not inhibit Rac1

doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiaf012

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nexinhib20 inhibits Rab27a-JFC1 binding but not Rac1-GTP-PAK1 interaction. A) Schematic representation of the TR-FRET binding reaction between Rac1 and PAK1. Cell lysates expressing myc-PAK1 and DN-EGFP-Rac1 (T17N) or CA-EGFP-Rac1 (Q61L) were incubated in the presence of terbium-conjugated anti-myc antibody. The samples were excited at 340 nm, and TR-FRET was measured by detecting GFP emission at 520 nm. Results are expressed as the emission ratio of the acceptor (GFP, 520 nm) to the donor (terbium, 490 nm, used as internal control). B) Specific signal of the myc-PAK1/EGFP-Rac1CA was inhibited by EDTA (50 mM) but not by Nexinhib20 (10 µM). Mean ± SEM, n = 3 independent experiments. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001 by 1-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test; ns, not significant. C) Schematic representation of the TR-FRET binding reaction of Rab27a and JFC1. Cell lysates expressing myc-JFC1 or EGFP-Rab27a were mixed and incubated as described in A). D) Specific signal of the myc-JFC1/EGFP-Rab27a was inhibited by Nexinhib20 (10 µM). Mean ± SEM from 3 independent experiments. ** P < 0.01, unpaired Student's t- test. E) Dose–response analysis of the effect of Nexinhib20 on Rac1-PAK1 binding by TR-FRET. CA, constitutively active; DN, dominant negative; ns, not significant (1-way ANOVA). F) AlphaFold2-multimer generated 3D complex structure of JFC1-Rab27a. The complex shows JFC1 in green and Rab27a in yellow. Nexihib20 is depicted using a “ball-and-stick” model, binding at the interface of JFC-Rab27a (red arrow). The AlphaFold JFC1-Rab27a complex is superimposed with the experimental crystal structure of SLP2a-Rab27a (PDB:3BC1), where SLP2a is colored orange and Rab27a crystal structure is shown in cyan. SLP2a-Rab27a bound GNP is represented using a “ball-and-stick” model (black arrow).

Article Snippet: The Rac1 inhibitor EHT1864 was purchased from MedChemExpress (cat# HY-16659).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Expressing, Incubation, Control, Comparison, Dominant Negative Mutation, Generated

Journal: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR

Article Title: Regulatory role of lncH19 in RAC1 alternative splicing: implication for RAC1B expression in colorectal cancer

doi: 10.1186/s13046-024-03139-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: The sequence of the primers used for gene expression analysis

Article Snippet: Depending on the experimental setup, treatment with the RAC1 inhibitor EHT1864 (cat n° SC-361175, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), was done as follows: 24 h after seeding in 12wells multiwell plates, cells were treated with 50mM of EHT1864 for 18 h; then the cells were processed for the following experiments.

Techniques: Sequencing, Gene Expression

Journal: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR

Article Title: Regulatory role of lncH19 in RAC1 alternative splicing: implication for RAC1B expression in colorectal cancer

doi: 10.1186/s13046-024-03139-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: RBFOX2, hnRNPM and lncH19 bind RAC1 mRNA. ( A - B ) RIP assay with anti-Fox2 and anti-hnRNPM antibodies to assess the binding of the RNABPs to RAC1 RNA in HCT-116 and SW620 cells, IgG was used as control. RAC1 levels were determined by qRT–PCR normalized with input and presented as fold enrichment in RBFOX2 or hnRNPM relative to IgG. (Normality test and subsequent t-test ( A ) or Wilcox test ( B ). ( C ) RNA pull-down with biotin-labeled lncH19 oligonucleotides (lncH19 RAP) in CRC cell lines (SW620 and HCT116) to analyze the interaction between lncH19 and RAC1 mRNA. RAC1 levels were determined by qRT–PCR and presented as fold enrichment in lncH19 samples respect to RNA pull-down obtained with scrambled oligonucleotides (Normality test and t-test). ( D ) Agarose electrophoresis of splice-sensitive PCR RAC1-RAC1B from lncH19 RAP in CRC cell lines (SW620 and HCT116). One representative experiment of three is shown. ( E ) Quantitative analysis of RAC1B levels determined by qRT–PCR and presented as fold enrichment in lncH19 samples relative to input. Statistical analyses were performed using one sample t-test, the p-value is shown in the graphs

Article Snippet: Depending on the experimental setup, treatment with the RAC1 inhibitor EHT1864 (cat n° SC-361175, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), was done as follows: 24 h after seeding in 12wells multiwell plates, cells were treated with 50mM of EHT1864 for 18 h; then the cells were processed for the following experiments.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Labeling, Electrophoresis

Journal: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR

Article Title: Regulatory role of lncH19 in RAC1 alternative splicing: implication for RAC1B expression in colorectal cancer

doi: 10.1186/s13046-024-03139-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: RBFOX2 is involved in RAC1 alternative splicing in CRC cells. ( A - B - D , E - F - H ) QRT-PCR for the indicated mRNA in CRC cells, silenced for RBFOX2 with two different siRNA. Graphs show 2-ΔΔct calculated in silenced cells respect to relative controls (Normality test and t-test). ( C , F ) Western Blot and densitometric analyses for RAC1B in SW620 and HCT116 silenced for RBFOX2 and relative controls. For densitometric analysis data are represented as normalized OD. ( I - L ) qRT-PCR of the indicated genes in SW620 and HCT116 silenced for H19, the graphs represent the 2^- ΔΔ ct of the indicated calculated respect the expression in control cells. ( M ) Western Blot of RAC1b protein levels in CRC cells (SW620 and HCT116) in H19 silenced cells and relative control cells. Statistical analyses were performed using normality test and t-test, p-value is shown in th e graphs

Article Snippet: Depending on the experimental setup, treatment with the RAC1 inhibitor EHT1864 (cat n° SC-361175, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), was done as follows: 24 h after seeding in 12wells multiwell plates, cells were treated with 50mM of EHT1864 for 18 h; then the cells were processed for the following experiments.

Techniques: Alternative Splicing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Expressing, Control

Journal: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR

Article Title: Regulatory role of lncH19 in RAC1 alternative splicing: implication for RAC1B expression in colorectal cancer

doi: 10.1186/s13046-024-03139-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: CRC tissues present higher levels of lncH19 compared to respective marginal non-tumor. ( A - C ) Gene expression levels for the indicated genes were examined by qRT-PCR in tumor and paired marginal non-tumor samples ( n = 20). ( D ) Pearson correlation between lncH19, RAC1, and RAC1B expression analyzed in 14 colorectal cancer samples with lncH19 overexpressed compared to marginal non tumor tissue. ( E - F ) qRT-PCR for the indicated genes in colorectal cancer samples with lncH19 levels. All statistical analyses were performed using two-tail paired t-test, p-value is shown in the graphs

Article Snippet: Depending on the experimental setup, treatment with the RAC1 inhibitor EHT1864 (cat n° SC-361175, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), was done as follows: 24 h after seeding in 12wells multiwell plates, cells were treated with 50mM of EHT1864 for 18 h; then the cells were processed for the following experiments.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing

Journal: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR

Article Title: Regulatory role of lncH19 in RAC1 alternative splicing: implication for RAC1B expression in colorectal cancer

doi: 10.1186/s13046-024-03139-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: LncH19 is required to drive splicing factors on RAC1 mRNA. ( A - D ) QRT-PCR for RAC and RAC1b from RNA-immunoprecipitation (RIP) with anti-Fox2 ( A , C ) or anti-hnRNPM ( B , D ) antibodies in SW620 and HCT116 cells, RAC1 and RAC1B levels presented as fold enrichment in RBFOX2 or hnRNPM IP relative to IgG IP. Statistical analyses were performed using two-tail unpaired t-test to compare the binding between wt and shH19 silenced cells, p-value is shown in the graphs. ( E ) Schematic representation of the proposed model. Representation of binding sites position of the complex lncH19-hnRNPM-RBFOX2 with RAC1 unspliced mRNA

Article Snippet: Depending on the experimental setup, treatment with the RAC1 inhibitor EHT1864 (cat n° SC-361175, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), was done as follows: 24 h after seeding in 12wells multiwell plates, cells were treated with 50mM of EHT1864 for 18 h; then the cells were processed for the following experiments.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, RNA Immunoprecipitation, Binding Assay